前言:
docker有个dockerfile 是什么东西,为什么我们要用他?
简单的说: 以前咱们docker run创建一个docker容器,有时候会附带不少的参数。
比如:
docker run -d -p 22 -p 8080:8080 ruifengyun/ubunt-redis "redis-server redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -D"
会发现很是麻烦。 这个时候咱们可以创建编辑一个dockerfile文件,生成新的p_w_picpath,然后从这个新的镜像创建容器,容器里面相关联的启动项和端口,目录都是提前定义好的。
原文:
cat Dockerfile
#配置redisFROM ubuntuMAINTAINER ruifengyun "ruifengyun@qq.com"ADD ./start.sh /root/start.shRUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get install -y redis-serverRUN apt-get install -y openssh-server#CMD redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -DCMD ["redis-server","/etc/redis/redis.conf"]EXPOSE 6379EXPOSE 22
FROM 是作为镜像的基础
RUN 可以理解为在FROM下来的镜像做一些环境的部署。
CMD 是创建容器后,会运行的命令
EXPOSE 是暴露的端口
MAINTAINER 通知的邮件
ADD 相当于把主机的start.sh脚本传递给了容器里面。
VOLUME 是本地的路径的映射
WORKDIR 是执行的路径,也就是cmd entrypoint执行的路径。
root@dev-ops:/var/4# docker build -t rui DockerfileUploading context 2.048 kBUploading context2014/08/16 09:50:59 Error: open /tmp/docker-build829651796/Dockerfile: not a directoryroot@dev-ops:/var/4# docker build -t rui/redis .Uploading context 2.56 kBUploading contextStep 0 : FROM ubuntu ---> c4ff7513909dStep 1 : MAINTAINER Victor Coisne victor.coisne@dotcloud.com ---> Using cache ---> bbe0c91632f1Step 2 : RUN apt-get update ---> Running in b10a1a60dcb3Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty InReleaseIgn http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InReleaseIgn http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security InReleaseGet:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg [933 B]Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B]Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B]Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release [58.5 kB]Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [59.7 kB]Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [59.7 kB]Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources [1335 kB]Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources [5335 B]Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources [7926 kB]Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages [1743 kB]Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages [16.0 kB]Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages [7589 kB]Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [138 kB]Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources [1250 B]Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources [91.7 kB]Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages [375 kB]Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [6341 B]Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages [235 kB]Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources [47.4 kB]Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources [40 B]Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources [11.9 kB]Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages [167 kB]Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages [40 B]Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages [57.0 kB]Fetched 19.9 MB in 11min 48s (28.1 kB/s)Reading package lists... ---> 9ce87ae24eebStep 3 : RUN apt-get install -y redis-server ---> Running in b28a88665c3fReading package lists...Building dependency tree...Reading state information...The following extra packages will be installed: libjemalloc1 redis-toolsThe following NEW packages will be installed: libjemalloc1 redis-server redis-tools0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.Need to get 410 kB of archives.After this operation, 1272 kB of additional disk space will be used.Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe libjemalloc1 amd64 3.5.1-2 [76.8 kB]Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe redis-tools amd64 2:2.8.4-2 [65.7 kB]Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe redis-server amd64 2:2.8.4-2 [267 kB]debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialogdebconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.)debconf: falling back to frontend: Readlinedebconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readlinedebconf: (This frontend requires a controlling tty.)debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletypedpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin:Fetched 410 kB in 4s (91.4 kB/s)Selecting previously unselected package libjemalloc1.(Reading database ... 11518 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../libjemalloc1_3.5.1-2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libjemalloc1 (3.5.1-2) ...Selecting previously unselected package redis-tools.Preparing to unpack .../redis-tools_2%3a2.8.4-2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking redis-tools (2:2.8.4-2) ...Selecting previously unselected package redis-server.Preparing to unpack .../redis-server_2%3a2.8.4-2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking redis-server (2:2.8.4-2) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...Setting up libjemalloc1 (3.5.1-2) ...Setting up redis-tools (2:2.8.4-2) ...Setting up redis-server (2:2.8.4-2) ...invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of start.Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.1) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... ---> d37fb2bbe0b5Step 4 : ENTRYPOINT redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -D ---> Running in f6c027ac643d ---> ec7fe19bdfedStep 5 : USER daemon ---> Running in 0e3b10d07a16 ---> d16398d08a4aStep 6 : EXPOSE 6379 ---> Running in c8ca52dde189 ---> e0a9bcb25972Step 7 : EXPOSE 22 ---> Running in 22845a6abd90 ---> 54bb130c7a44Successfully built 54bb130c7a44Removing intermediate container b10a1a60dcb3Removing intermediate container b28a88665c3fRemoving intermediate container f6c027ac643dRemoving intermediate container 0e3b10d07a16Removing intermediate container c8ca52dde189Removing intermediate container 22845a6abd90root@dev-ops:/var/4#原文: http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/1030776/1541081
等折腾完了后,他会生成一个镜像 。 这个镜像是由咱们的dockerfile搞的。
原文:
这次咱们再创建容器,不用再加那么多参数了。
root@dev-ops:~# docker run -d -P rui116b30b056493237caca158849ae687c9beb4f8656be485c2a3cc71a27d8e951root@dev-ops:~# root@dev-ops:~# root@dev-ops:~# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES116b30b05649 rui:latest redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->6379/tcp nostalgic_lumiere
咱们再来一个比较全的dockerfile例子:
功能是用来部署lnmp和wordpress ,配置看起来多 ,其实还是比较规范的。
原文: http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/1030776/1541081 FROM ubuntu:14.04MAINTAINER liudehua# Keep upstart from complainingRUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctlRUN ln -sf /bin/true /sbin/initctl# Let the conatiner know that there is no ttyENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractiveRUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get -y upgrade# Basic RequirementsRUN apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client nginx php5-fpm php5-mysql php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git unzip# Wordpress RequirementsRUN apt-get -y install php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl# mysql configRUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/my.cnf# nginx configRUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeout\s*65/keepalive_timeout 2/" /etc/nginx/nginx.confRUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeout 2/keepalive_timeout 2;\n\tclient_max_body_size 100m/" /etc/nginx/nginx.confRUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# php-fpm configRUN sed -i -e "s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.iniRUN sed -i -e "s/upload_max_filesize\s*=\s*2M/upload_max_filesize = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.iniRUN sed -i -e "s/post_max_size\s*=\s*8M/post_max_size = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.iniRUN sed -i -e "s/;daemonize\s*=\s*yes/daemonize = no/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.confRUN sed -i -e "s/;catch_workers_output\s*=\s*yes/catch_workers_output = yes/g" /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.confRUN find /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/ -name "*.ini" -exec sed -i -re 's/^(\s*)#(.*)/\1;\2/g' {} \;# nginx site confADD ./nginx-site.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default# Supervisor ConfigRUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisorRUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdoutADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf# Install WordpressADD http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /usr/share/nginx/latest.tar.gzRUN cd /usr/share/nginx/ && tar xvf latest.tar.gz && rm latest.tar.gzRUN mv /usr/share/nginx/html/5* /usr/share/nginx/wordpressRUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/wwwRUN mv /usr/share/nginx/wordpress /usr/share/nginx/wwwRUN chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/www# Wordpress Initialization and Startup ScriptADD ./start.sh /start.shRUN chmod 755 /start.sh# private exposeEXPOSE 3306EXPOSE 80CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]
再来一个mognodb的例子:
注: 可以用 \ 标识换行
FROM dockerfile/ubuntu# Install MongoDB.RUN \ apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10 && \ echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list && \ apt-get update && \ apt-get install -y mongodb-org && \ mkdir -p /data/dbVOLUME ["/data"]WORKDIR /dataCMD ["mongod"]EXPOSE 27017EXPOSE 28017
官网有不少的例子,有兴趣的朋友可以到 查看下。
在dockerfile使用cmd、entrypoint 需要注意:
cmd 是可以写成shell的模式, 也就是 咱们平时写语句那样
CMD redis-server redis.conf && service sshd restart
docker调用它的时候是用/bin/sh -c 调用的。 这个时候有些少许的问题,大家再测试的时候,最好在自己的本机也测一般。 sh -c 这东西挺奇妙的 ,貌似他的参数断句有问题,有些蛋疼。
一般来说,在用cmd启动的时候 用exec的模式多点 ,也就是 ['redis-server','/etc/redis/redis.conf'] 他自己会用空格组成一条命令。
一个dockerfile里面只能有一个CMD。 写多了没用。